Gender Impacts of Farm Household Resource Allocation on Agricultural Commercialization in Oyo State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Gender resource allocation, traditional crops, agricultural commercialization, multi-crop economy, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study tried to quantify the impacts of gender resource allocation on agricultural commercialization in South-western Nigeria. The logit model was employed in the analysis. The data used came from a sample survey of the area of study. Empirical evidence shows that farm size male farm-time, female farm time, land ownership, household income and livestock ownership have positive significant impacts on the process of commercialization. Male off-farm time and female off-farm time have negative significant continuous variables were found to increase by rank. The percent change effects of these variables decrease with rank. The variables thus impact differently on the odds that the household commercializes or not. Based on the results obtained, farm expansion, farm income improvement, effective and operational land redistribution and mixed -farming promotion policies were recommended. Policies that will encourage increased and improved farm -time and decreased off-farm time were also highlighted.
References
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von Braun, J., Kennedy, E., Bouis, H. 1900. “Commercialization of Small-holder Agriculture; Policy Requirements for the Malnourished Poor” Food Policy Report, February, 1990pp 82-85.
Agarwal, B. 1997.“Bargaining and Gender Relations within and Beyond the Household”. Feminist Economist, 3(1) :1-51.
Amin. R., Ahmed, A.U., Chowdhury, J. 1994. Poor Women’s Participation in Income Generating Projects and their Fertility Regulation in Rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a Recent Survey” World Development, Vol. 22 No. 4 pp 555-565.
Anthonio, Q.B.O. 1986. Oyo State Feasibility Study of State –Wide ADP. Final Report. Federal Military Government of Nigeria. Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit (FACU). Ibadan, Nigeria.
Becker, G.S. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Mass;
Berry, S.S. 1993.Socio-economic Aspects of Cassava Cultivation and Use in Africa: Implications for Development of Appropriate Technology. COSCA Working Paper No. 8. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Chiappori, P.A. 1992. “Collective Labour Supply and Welfare”. Journal of Political Economy, 100 (31): 437 –467.
De-Walt, K.M., De-Walt, B.R., Escudero, J.C., Barkin, D. 1990. Shift from Maize to Sorghum Production Nutrition Effects in Four Mexican Communities. Food Policy, 15: 395-407.
Gladwin, S. 1991. As quoted by Komarwa, 2003. in the Preface to Gender Impacts of the Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture Workshop. 14-16 May, 2003 I.I.T.A, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Goetz, S.J. 1992. “A Selectivity Model of Household Food Marketing Behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa”. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 74 (2) pp 443-452.
Haddad, L., Hoddinott, J., Alderman, H. (eds) 1994. Intra- household Resource Allocation in Developing Countries. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
Hazell, P.B.R., Rosegrant, M.W. 1994. Land and Water Management: Property Rights and Institutions Under Agricultural Deregulation” Policy Brief IFPRI Washington D.C.
Immink, M.D.C., Sibrian R., Alarcon, J.A., Halm, H. 1995. “Field and Analytical Methods for Agricultural Commercialization Studies: Guatemala in: Prices, Products and People –Analyzing Agricultural Market in Developing Countries (ed) Gregory, I Scott pp 187- 216 Lynne, Reinner Publishers Boulder. London
Jacoby H.G. 1992. “Productivity of Men and Women and the Sexual Division of Labour in Peasant Agriculture of the Peruvian Sierra” Journal of Development Economics 37: 265-287.
Knopf, E., Schoney, R. 1993. “An Evaluation of Farm Financial Benchmarks and Loan Success/Failure: The Case of the Agricultural Credit Corporation of Saskatchewan” Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 41 (1993) 61-69.
Kormawa, P. 2003.“Gender and Commercialization: Nigerian Case Studies” Paper Presented at the International Workshop on Gender Impacts of Commercialization of Small-holder Agriculture at IITA , Ibadan. 14th-16th May 2003.
Lusigi, S. 2001. As quoted by Komarwa,2003. in the Preface to Gender Impacts of the Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture Workshop. 14-16 May, 2003 I.I.T.A, Ibadan, Nigeria
McElroy, M.M. 1992. “The Empirical Concept of Nash- Bargained Household Behaviour Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 25(4) : 559- 583.
Morgan, S.S. Teachman, P., Teachman, J. 1988. “Logistic Regression: Description, Examples and Comparisons” Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 50 (1988) pp 929 – 936.
Nash, J.F. 1950. “The Bargaining Problem” Econometrica. Vol. 18: 20-25
Osmani, L.N. 1998. “Impact of Credit on the Relative Well-being on Women” IDS Bulletin, Vol. 29(4): 31-38.
Pitt, M.M Rosenzweig, M.R., Hassan, M.N. 1990. “Productivity, Health and Inequality in the Intrahousehold Distribution of Food in Low-Income Countries American Economic Review, Vol. 80(5):139 –1156.
Rahji, M.A.Y. 1996. “An Analysis of Farm Household Economic Behaviour in Oyo State, Nigeria” Unpublished PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan , Nigeria.
Rahji M.A.Y. 1999. Gender Aspects of Farm Household Time Allocation in South-Western Nigeria. Monograph No. 19 Issues in African Development Monograph Series. Win rock International. USA.
Rahji, M.A.Y. 2002. “The Determinants of Marketable Surplus and Agricultural Commercialization in a Multi-crop Economy: The Case of Oyo State in South-western Nigeria” Moor Journal of Agricultural Research,Vol.3 no.2, December, 2002.
Renkow, M. 1990. “Household Inventories and Marketed Surplus in Semi-Subsistence Agriculture” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72; 664-675.
Sen, A.K. 1990 “Gender and Co-operative Conflicts” in I-Tinker (ed) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Suda, C.A. 1996. “Household Labour Use and Changes in Gender Roles on Small Farms in Ndhiwa Division, Kenya “Monograph Series No. 1 Winrock International. USA.
Thomas, D. 1992. “Intra-Household Resource Allocation: An Inferential Approach; Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 25(4): 635-664.
von Braun, J. 1995. “Agricultural Commercialization: Impacts on Income and Nutrition and Implications for Policy” Food Policy, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp 187-202.
von Braun, J., Kennedy, E. (eds) 1994. Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development and Nutrition. Baltimore M.D. USA The Johns Hopkins University Press.
von Braun, J., Kennedy, E., Bouis, H. 1900. “Commercialization of Small-holder Agriculture; Policy Requirements for the Malnourished Poor” Food Policy Report, February, 1990pp 82-85.
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