Evaluation of Phytochemical, Haematological and Toxicological Properties of Malacantha alnifolia (P.Rous) Stem-Back Extract in Rats

Abstract

Evaluation of some phytochemical, haematological and toxicological properties of the methanolic stem-bark extract of Malacantha alnifolia was investigated in rats in this study. The plant extract was found to contain flavonoids, saponins and reducing sugars. The extract at the highest concentration (400 mg/kg) administered caused a significant (p<O.05) increased in white blood cell (WBC) count compared to other groups. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes were elevated (though not statistically significant) in the treated rats compared to the control. Histopathological examination of the liver of the treated rats (400 mg/kg body weight) revealed an enlarged fatty and friable liver with diffused necrotic area as well as enlarged kidney with mild anemia in the group 5 rats. This suggests that further analytical studies should be carried out and caution should be exercised in using the stem bark extract of Malacantha alnifolia to alleviate diahorrea and stomach ache as acclaimed traditionally.