RESEARVOIR OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT SALMONELLAE AMONG POULRY IN A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Reservoir, Antimicrobial, Resistant Salmonella, Poultry
Abstract
A survey was carried out to determine the reservoir of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella among poultry in a local government in Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolation and identification of Salmonella strains mainly from faecal samples of nonÂclinical birds and blood samples from few clinical cases were carried out. The resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates was determined by disc-diffusion method. The results indicated relative large number of resistant Salmonella from birds. Young birds, ducks, exotic hens and intensively reared birds are useful characteristics for identifying birds likely to carry
resistant Salmonella.
Resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin and cefuroxine are highest among the tested drugs. In all, 22 resistant phenotypes were identified. Thirty-two out of 38 isolates were multi-resistant.
References
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John, J. and Fishman, N. 1997. Programmatic role of infectious disease physician in controlling antimicrobia costs in hospital. Clin. lnf. Dis., 24: 471 -485.
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Neu, H. C. 1992. The crisis in antimicrobial resistance. Science, 257: 1064 - 1073.
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Threlfall, E. J., Rowe, B. and Ward, L. R. 1992. Recent changes in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated in England and Wales. PHIS Microbiology Digest, 9: 69 - 71.
Threlfall, E. J., Rowe, B. and Ward, L. R. 1993. A comparison of multiple drug resistance in salmonellas from humans and food animals in England and Wales, 1981 and 1990. Epidemiol. And Infect., 111: 189 - 197.
Van den Boogaard, E. J. M. 1993. A Veterinary Antibiotic Policy: A personal view on the perspectives in the Netherlands. Vet. Microbiol., 35: 303 - 309.
Wang, F., GV, X. J. and Tai, T. V. 1989. Treatment of typhoid fever with floxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chem., 23: 785 - 788.
Ward, L. R., Threlfall, E. J. and Rowe, B. 1990. Multiple drug resistance in salmonellas isolated from humans in England and Wales: A Comparison of 1981 with 1988.J. Clin. Path., 43: 563 - 566.
Anderson, R. 1997. Call for collaboration on antibiotic resistance. Vet. Rec. 140(22): 567.
Barry, A.L. and Thornberry, C. 1991. Susceptibility Tests: Diffusion test procedures. In Ballows, A.H., Hausla W.J. Jr., Herrman, K.L., Isenberg, H.D. and Shadowny, H.J. (eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiotogy. 5`h ed. Pp. 1117 - 1125, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Bax, R. 1997. Call for collaboration on antibiotic resistance. Vet Rec. 140(22): 567.
Frost, J. A., Threlfall, E. J. and Rowe, B. 1995. Antibiotic resistance in salmonellas from humans in England and Wales: the situation in 1994. PHLS Microbiology Digest, 12: 131 - 133.
Gold, H. S. and Moellering, R. C. Jr. 1996. Antimicrobial drug resistance. New Engl. J. Med., 335(19): 1445 - 1453.
Gupta, A. 1994. Multi drug-resistant typhoid fever in children: Epidemiology and therapeutic approach. Paediatr. Inf. Dis. J., 13(2): 134 - 140.
John, J. and Fishman, N. 1997. Programmatic role of infectious disease physician in controlling antimicrobia costs in hospital. Clin. lnf. Dis., 24: 471 -485.
Ivanoff, B. 1995. Typhoid fever: Global situation and new approaches for treatment and prevention. Proceddings of a symposium at the 4`' International Conference on Travel Medicine, Acapulso. Mexico J (suppl. 2): 106 - 109.
Lee, L. A., Threat, V. L., Puhr, N. D., Levine P., Ferris, K. Tauxe, R.V. 1993. Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from healthy broiler chickens after slaughter. J. Am. Med. Ass. 202: 752 -755.
Lee, L. A., Puhr, N. D., Maloney, E. K., Bean, N. H. and Tauxe, R.V. 1994. Increase in antimicrobial resistant Salmonella infections in the United States, 1989 - 1990. J Inf. Dis., 17: 128 - 134.
Linton, A. H. 1977. Antimicrobial Resistance. The present situation reviewed. Vet. Rec., 100: 354 - 360.
Lopardo, H., Fernandez, N., Palladino, M. 1991. Emergence of Salmonella enterica resistant to aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins in Argentina. Proceeding of the 17`h Congress of Chemotherapy, Berlin, Abstract 2088.
Murray, B. E. 1986. Resistance of Shigella, Salmonella and other selected enteric pathogens to antimicrobial agents. Rev. Inf. Dis. (suppl 2): 5172 - 5181.
Neu, H. C. 1992. The crisis in antimicrobial resistance. Science, 257: 1064 - 1073.
Oyekunle, M. A. and Owonikoko, M.O. 2002. Antimicrobial drug usage for poultry production within a local government area in Ogun State. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 29(1): 113 - 120.
Rowe, B. and Threlfall, E. J. 1984. Drug resistance is gram negative aerobic bacille. Brit. Med. Bull., 40: 68 - 76.
Rossi, A., Lopardo, H., and Galds M. 1995. Brief Reports: Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. resistant to cefotaxine. J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy., 36: 607 -702.
Spika, J. S., Waterman, S. H., Hoo, G. W., Louis, M.E., Cohen, M.L. and Blake, P.A. 1987. Chloramphenicol Resistant Salmonella newport traced Through Hamburger in Dairy Farms. A major
90
persisting source of human salmonellosis in California. N. Engl. J. Med., 316: 565 - 570.
Swann Report 1969. Report of the Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, H.M.S.O.
Thear, K. and Fraser, A. 1986. The Complete Book of Raising Livestock and Poultry, A Smallholders Guide. Pp. 38 - 63. University Services Ltd., Education Publishers, Lagos, Nigeria.
Threlfall, E. J., Rowe, B. and Ward, L. R. 1992. Recent changes in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated in England and Wales. PHIS Microbiology Digest, 9: 69 - 71.
Threlfall, E. J., Rowe, B. and Ward, L. R. 1993. A comparison of multiple drug resistance in salmonellas from humans and food animals in England and Wales, 1981 and 1990. Epidemiol. And Infect., 111: 189 - 197.
Van den Boogaard, E. J. M. 1993. A Veterinary Antibiotic Policy: A personal view on the perspectives in the Netherlands. Vet. Microbiol., 35: 303 - 309.
Wang, F., GV, X. J. and Tai, T. V. 1989. Treatment of typhoid fever with floxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chem., 23: 785 - 788.
Ward, L. R., Threlfall, E. J. and Rowe, B. 1990. Multiple drug resistance in salmonellas isolated from humans in England and Wales: A Comparison of 1981 with 1988.J. Clin. Path., 43: 563 - 566.
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