Laboratory Investigation of damage Potential of Larger Grain Borer - Prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrichidae) on some dried Root and Tuber Crops in Nigeria
Keywords:
Mortality, preference test, Prostephanus truncatus, root and tuber crops, weight loss.
Abstract
The study investigated the ability of larger grain borer (LGB) – Prostephanus truncatus to infest and breed on some root and tuber crops (R&TC) namely potato – Solanum tuberosum L.; sweet potato – Ipomea batatas Lam; bitter yam – Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax; white yam – D. rotundata Poir; water yam – D. alata L; yellow yam – D. cayenensis Lam.; cocoayam - Colocasia esculenta L (Schott) and cassava - Manihot esculenta Crantz in the laboratory. The R&TC were cut into cubes of about 4cm3 and air dried in the laboratory. Five cubes each were separately placed in 250cm3 sized glass jars and infested with 10 pairs of adult LGB of between 1-5 days old for ninety days. Each treatment were replicated four times and arranged on a worktable in the laboratory using complete randomized design. Data were taken on final population of LGB, weight of frass generated, number of holes, number of adult mortality, number of larvae, number of pupae, % of damaged cube and % weight loss of cubes. Preference of LGB for the R&TC was studied in a “simple choice chamber test” conducted in a rectangular jar measuring 50cm x 30 cm x 25 cm. All the R&TC had 100 % damage except S. tuberosum that was not damaged nor infested. The highest mean population of adult LGB and number of holes on cubes was in M. esculenta and it differed significantly (P < 0.05) from other R & TC. Likewise, the mean weight of frass and % weight loss of cubes in D. alata was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in other R & TC. The preference test showed that LGB preferred the R&TC in the descending order: cassava - water yam - sweet potato - yellow yam - cocoayam - white yam - bitter yam - potato.
References
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Alexandratos, N. 1995. World Agriculture: Towards 2010. An FAO study. New York : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. John Wiley and Sons.
Anon, 1986. Further distribution of the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) in West Africa. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 34 (4), 213 – 214.
Baba-Tierto, N. 1994. Ability of powders and slurries from ten plant species to protect stored grains from attack by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 30, 297 – 301.
Bell, R.J., Watters F.I.L. 1982. Environmental factors influencing development and rate of increase of Prostephanus truncatus on stored maize. J. Stored Prod. Res.18, 131 – 142.
Bonzi, S. M., Ntambabazi, C. 1993. Premier cas de grand capucin du mais (Prostephanus truncatus) signale au Rwanda. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 41, 204 -205.
Booth, R.G., Cox, M. I., Medge, R. B. 1990. 11E Guide to insects of importance to man: 3 Coleoptera. CAB international / Natural History Museum of London. 383pp.
Bosque–Perez, N.A., Traore, S., Markham, R.H., Fajemisin, J. M. 1991. Occurrence of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus in Burkina Faso. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 39 (4), 82 –183.
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Dunstan, W. R. , Magazini, I. A. 1981. The larger grain borer on stored products in Tanzania. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 29 (3/4), 80 – 81.
Espinal, R., Markham, R. H., Wright, V. F. 1996. Honduras summary of research activities on larger grain borer and storage pest status in meso-America. Pp. 109-124 in Farrell, G., Fadamiro, H. Y., Tristram, D. W. and Martins, C. B. 1996.
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Golob, P., Hodges, R. J. 1982. Study of an outbreak of Prostephanus truncatus infestation of maize. pp. 62 – 70. In Proc. GASGA Workshop on the Larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus, 24 – 25 February, 1983, TPI, Slough. Publ. GTZ. Eschborn
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Hodge, R.J., Dunstan, W.R., Magazini, I., Golob P. 1983. An outbreak of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) in East Africa. Prot. Ecol. 5, 183 – 194.
Hodges, R.J., Meik, J., Denton, H. 1985. Infestation of dried cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantx) by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 21, 73 – 74.
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Horton, D., R.H. Fano. 1985. Potato atlas. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado, Lima-peru.
Kega, V.K., Warui, C.W. 1983. Prostephanus truncatus in Guinea. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 39 (1), 43.
Kalivogui, K., Muck O. 1990. Larger grain borer - Prostephanus truncatus in Coast Province Kenya. Tropical Stored Products Information 46:2.
Li, L. 1988. Behavioural Ecology and life history evaluation in the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading United Kingdom. 229pp.
Low, J., Kinyae, P., Oyunga, M.A., Hagenimana, V., Kabira, J. 1997. Combating vitamin A deficiency through the use of sweetpotato—results from phase 1 of an action research project in south Nyanza, Kenya. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP) in collaboration with Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute.
MiIlimo, J.M., Muneme, V. 1993. Technical report of larger grain borer monitoring survey, Northern province, Zambia, 16-28 September 1993. Tour Report, Mt. Makulu Research Station, Zambia.
Munthali, S.C.M. 1992. The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus, in Malawi; current status. Plant Protection Workshop, Lilongwe, Malawi, 1-5 June, 1992.
Nyakunga, B.Y. 1982. The biology of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) on cassava. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Reading, England .76 pp.
Nweke, F.I. 1992. Cassava: A cash crop in Africa. COSCA Working Paper No. 14. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
Nweke, F.I., Okorji, E.C., Njoku, J.E., King, D.J. 1994. Expenditure elasticities of demand for major food items in south-east Nigeria. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71 (3) 229–234.
Opolot, O., Odong, M. 1999. Overview of phytosanitary and quarantine services in Uganda. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Stored–Product Insects Pests. Nahdy, S.M. and Agona, J. A. (Eds.), pp 24-29, Kampala, Uganda, 29th November- 1st December, 1999.
Oxley, T.A., Pixton, S. W. 1960. Determination of moisture content in cereals. 11 Errors in determination by oven drying of known changes in moisture content. J. Sci.Fd. Agric. 11, 315 -319.
Pike, V., Akinnigbagbe, J.J. A., Bosque–Perez, N. A. 1992. Larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) outbreak in western Nigeria. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 40 (4), 170–173.
Roux, P.W.J. 1999. Larger grain borer: further development. Plant Protection News (South Africa). Plant Protection Research Institute No. 55, winter, 1999: 3-4.
Subrananyam B.H., Cutkomp, L.K., Kouable B. 1987. Effects of short-term feeding by adult of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on shelled maize. J. Stored Prod. Res. 23, 151-155
Torreblanca, R.A., Adem, C.E., Bourges, R.H. 1983. Losses caused by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) in maize stored under controlled condition, pp 87-89. In: Moreno-Martinez and Ramirez-Martinez (Eds.). Memorias del coloquio International sobre Conservacion de Semmillas y Granos Almacenados, Oaxtepec, Morelos, 20-25 octubre 1980. Institute de Biologia, Universidad Nacional autonoma de Mexico. 51 pp.
Woolfe, J. 1992. Sweet potato: An untapped food resource. World development report: World Bank. 1998 Cambridge University Press, Washington, D.C.
Wright, M.A.P., Akou-Edi, D., Stabrawa, A. 1993. Infestation of dried cassava and maize by Prostephanus truncatus: entomological and socio-economic assessment for the development of loss reduction strategies. Natural Resources Institute R1941, 141pp.
Adda, C., Borgemeister, C., Meikle, W.G., Markham, R.H., Olaleye, I., Abdou, K.S., Zakari, M.O. 1996. First record of larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), in the Republic of Niger. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86: 83-85.
Alexandratos, N. 1995. World Agriculture: Towards 2010. An FAO study. New York : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. John Wiley and Sons.
Anon, 1986. Further distribution of the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) in West Africa. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 34 (4), 213 – 214.
Baba-Tierto, N. 1994. Ability of powders and slurries from ten plant species to protect stored grains from attack by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 30, 297 – 301.
Bell, R.J., Watters F.I.L. 1982. Environmental factors influencing development and rate of increase of Prostephanus truncatus on stored maize. J. Stored Prod. Res.18, 131 – 142.
Bonzi, S. M., Ntambabazi, C. 1993. Premier cas de grand capucin du mais (Prostephanus truncatus) signale au Rwanda. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 41, 204 -205.
Booth, R.G., Cox, M. I., Medge, R. B. 1990. 11E Guide to insects of importance to man: 3 Coleoptera. CAB international / Natural History Museum of London. 383pp.
Bosque–Perez, N.A., Traore, S., Markham, R.H., Fajemisin, J. M. 1991. Occurrence of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus in Burkina Faso. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 39 (4), 82 –183.
Chittenden, F.H. 1911. Papers on insects affecting stored products. The lesser grain borer, the larger grain borer. Bull. Bur. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. 96, 29 – 52.
Detmers, H. B. 1990. Untersuchungen zur biologischen Bedeutung des holzes fur den Grossen Kornbohre Prostephanus truncatus (Bostrychidae). Mitteilungen aus der Biologischenfur land-und Fotrwirchaft. Heft 260, 93pp.
Dick, K.M., Rees, P.P., Lay, K.K., Ofusu, A. 1989. Occurrence of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) in Ghana. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 37 (3), 123.
Dunstan, W. R. , Magazini, I. A. 1981. The larger grain borer on stored products in Tanzania. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 29 (3/4), 80 – 81.
Espinal, R., Markham, R. H., Wright, V. F. 1996. Honduras summary of research activities on larger grain borer and storage pest status in meso-America. Pp. 109-124 in Farrell, G., Fadamiro, H. Y., Tristram, D. W. and Martins, C. B. 1996.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) 1999. FAO statistics database. FAO, Rome.
GASGA (Group for Assistance on System Relating to Grain After Harvest) 1993. Technical Leaflet No.1 second edition. CTA, Postbus380-6700 A. J. Wageningen, Netherlands. 12pp.
Giles, P.H., Leon, O.V. 1975. Infestation problem in farm-stored maize in Nicaragua, pp. 68-76. In Proc. Ist Int. Wkg. Conf. Stored–Prod. Ent., Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A. 1974.
Golob, P., Hodges, R. J. 1982. Study of an outbreak of Prostephanus truncatus infestation of maize. pp. 62 – 70. In Proc. GASGA Workshop on the Larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus, 24 – 25 February, 1983, TPI, Slough. Publ. GTZ. Eschborn
Gregory J. Scott, Mark, Rosegrant, W, Claudia Ringler 2000. Roots and Tubers for the 21st Century: Trends, Projections and Policy Options. Food, Agriculture, and the Environment. Discussion Paper 31. International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1002 U.S.A. Centro Internacional de la Papa Apartado 1558 Lima 12, Peru.
Harnisch, R., Krall, S. 1984. Further distribution of the larger grain borer in Africa. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 32 (3), 113 – 114.
Hodge, R.J., Dunstan, W.R., Magazini, I., Golob P. 1983. An outbreak of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) in East Africa. Prot. Ecol. 5, 183 – 194.
Hodges, R.J., Meik, J., Denton, H. 1985. Infestation of dried cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantx) by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 21, 73 – 74.
Horton, D. 1988. Underground crops. Long-term trends in production of roots and tubers. Morrilton, Ariz., U.S.A. Winrock International.
Horton, D., R.H. Fano. 1985. Potato atlas. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado, Lima-peru.
Kega, V.K., Warui, C.W. 1983. Prostephanus truncatus in Guinea. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 39 (1), 43.
Kalivogui, K., Muck O. 1990. Larger grain borer - Prostephanus truncatus in Coast Province Kenya. Tropical Stored Products Information 46:2.
Li, L. 1988. Behavioural Ecology and life history evaluation in the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading United Kingdom. 229pp.
Low, J., Kinyae, P., Oyunga, M.A., Hagenimana, V., Kabira, J. 1997. Combating vitamin A deficiency through the use of sweetpotato—results from phase 1 of an action research project in south Nyanza, Kenya. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP) in collaboration with Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute.
MiIlimo, J.M., Muneme, V. 1993. Technical report of larger grain borer monitoring survey, Northern province, Zambia, 16-28 September 1993. Tour Report, Mt. Makulu Research Station, Zambia.
Munthali, S.C.M. 1992. The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus, in Malawi; current status. Plant Protection Workshop, Lilongwe, Malawi, 1-5 June, 1992.
Nyakunga, B.Y. 1982. The biology of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) on cassava. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Reading, England .76 pp.
Nweke, F.I. 1992. Cassava: A cash crop in Africa. COSCA Working Paper No. 14. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
Nweke, F.I., Okorji, E.C., Njoku, J.E., King, D.J. 1994. Expenditure elasticities of demand for major food items in south-east Nigeria. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71 (3) 229–234.
Opolot, O., Odong, M. 1999. Overview of phytosanitary and quarantine services in Uganda. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Stored–Product Insects Pests. Nahdy, S.M. and Agona, J. A. (Eds.), pp 24-29, Kampala, Uganda, 29th November- 1st December, 1999.
Oxley, T.A., Pixton, S. W. 1960. Determination of moisture content in cereals. 11 Errors in determination by oven drying of known changes in moisture content. J. Sci.Fd. Agric. 11, 315 -319.
Pike, V., Akinnigbagbe, J.J. A., Bosque–Perez, N. A. 1992. Larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) outbreak in western Nigeria. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 40 (4), 170–173.
Roux, P.W.J. 1999. Larger grain borer: further development. Plant Protection News (South Africa). Plant Protection Research Institute No. 55, winter, 1999: 3-4.
Subrananyam B.H., Cutkomp, L.K., Kouable B. 1987. Effects of short-term feeding by adult of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on shelled maize. J. Stored Prod. Res. 23, 151-155
Torreblanca, R.A., Adem, C.E., Bourges, R.H. 1983. Losses caused by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) in maize stored under controlled condition, pp 87-89. In: Moreno-Martinez and Ramirez-Martinez (Eds.). Memorias del coloquio International sobre Conservacion de Semmillas y Granos Almacenados, Oaxtepec, Morelos, 20-25 octubre 1980. Institute de Biologia, Universidad Nacional autonoma de Mexico. 51 pp.
Woolfe, J. 1992. Sweet potato: An untapped food resource. World development report: World Bank. 1998 Cambridge University Press, Washington, D.C.
Wright, M.A.P., Akou-Edi, D., Stabrawa, A. 1993. Infestation of dried cassava and maize by Prostephanus truncatus: entomological and socio-economic assessment for the development of loss reduction strategies. Natural Resources Institute R1941, 141pp.
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