EFFICACY STUDY OF ZINC CHLORIDE AND DIMINAZENE ACETURATE ON Trypanosoma brucei INOCULATED RATS
Keywords:
Diminazene aceturate, Parasitaemia, Rat, Trypanosoma brucei, ZnCl2
Abstract
The effect of Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Diminazene aceturate in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infected rats was investigated. Six groups (A-F) consisting of five rats each were used. A and F were negative and positive controls, while B, C, D, and E were treated groups, respectively. The infection was achieved by inoculating (1x106) of the parasite and rapid matching method was used to estimate the parasitaemia in the host. Parasitaemia was monitored for 30 days using wet mount method. The inoculated treated groups progressively showed parasitaemia five days post inoculation that caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) and white blood cell (WBC) count. After treatment with ZnCl2 and Diminazene Aceturate (Group D), there was a remarkable improvement towards the normal (Group A). This study shows that supplemental ZnCl2 could be used to alleviate the severity of the infection in Trypanosomosis.
References
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Ajagbonna, O.P., Biobaku, K.T., Adeneye, A.A., Igbokwe, V., Mojiminiyi, F.B.O., Ameh, I.G. 2005. Effects of the combination of Diminazene aceturate and Khaya senegalensis Stem bark extract in infection of rats. Bulletin of Science Association of Nigeria, 26: 606-613.
Ajagbonna, O.P., Edeifo, W.U., Onakpa, M., Biobaku, K.T. 2008. Evaluation of orally administered vitamin C on the efficacy of Diminazene aceturate (Berenil®) in experimental Trypanosomosis in rats. Book of Abstracts of International Conference on Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.
Anosa, V.O. 1988. Haematology and Biochemical changes in human and animal trypanosomosis.II. Revenue Eleve. Med. Vet pays trop., 41(2): 151-164.
Ate, I.U., Rekwot, P.I., Nok, A.J., Tekdek, L.B., Luga, I.I. 2007. On farm
Transplancental transmission of Trypanosoma vivax in a Bunaji calf in Zaria,Northern Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 27(3): 95-98.
Biobaku, K.T., Ajayi, O.L., Ajagbonna, O.P., Omotainse, S.O. 2008. Effect of Magnesium Chloride and Diminazene aceturate on the Pathogenicity of Trypanosome infection in rats. Vom Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 5(1): 47-53.
Dolan, R.B., Okeh, G., Alushula, H., Mutugi, M., Stevenson, P., Sayer, P.D., Njoku, A.R. 1990. Homidium bromide as a chemoprophylactic agent for cattle trypanosomiasis in Kenya. Acta Trop, 43: 137-144.
Egbe-Nwiyi, T.N.C., Nwaosu, S.C., Tsuya, R.D. 2003. Effects of high Oral Magnesium Chloride Supplementation in Pathogenicity of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense infection in rats. Tropical Veterinarian, 2(3): 152-159.
Egbe-Nwiyi, T.N.C., Aliyu, M.M., Igbokwe, I.O. 2004. Effects of Oral Zinc Chloride Supplementation on severity of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense infections in rats. Sahel Journal of Veterinary Science, 3: 39-43.
Ezeokonkwo, R.C., Okoro, F.C., Ezeh, I.O. 2007. The efficacy of increasing doses of Samorenil® in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei infected Albino rats. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 28(2): 24-32.
Finelle, P. 1983. African Trypanosomiasis. In: FAO Animal Production paper, 37: 19-22.
Hecker, P.A., Coulibaly, L., Rowlands, G.J., Nagda, S.M., d’leteren, G.D.M. 1991. Effect of plane of nutrition on trypanosome prevalence and mortality of Djallonke Sheep exposed to high tsetse challenge. In: 21st Meeting of the International Scientific Council of Trypanosomiasis Research Council and Control, Yamoussoukro, Cote d’Ivore, 21-25 October.
Jain, N.C., Carrol, E.J. 1975. Veterinary Haematology, 3rd edn. Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia. P. 15-81.
Kaneko, J.J. 1989. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic animal.4th Ed. Academic Press Inc. America. P. 196-206.
Kennedy, P.G.E. 2004. Human African trypanosomiasis of the CNS. Current issues and challenges. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 113(4): 496-504.
Kinabo, I.D.B. Bogan, J.A. 1988. The Pharmacology of Isomethamidium. Journal of Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 11: 233-245.
Kristjianson, P.M., Swellow, G.J., Rowland, R.L., Kruska Deleeuw, P.N. 1999. Measuring the Cost of African animal Trypanosomosis, the potential benefits of control and returns to research. Agric. Syst., 59: 79-98.
McDonald, P., Edward, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A. 1995. Animal Nutrition, 5th edn. Pearson Education Ltd., UK. P. 176-180.
Mikailu, H.G., Ajagbonna, O.P., Muhammed, B.Y., Onyeyili, P.A. 2002. Garlic - a natural agent for treatment of Trypanosomiasis. Proceedings of 39th Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association Conference, Sokoto.
Radostitis, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C., Hinchclift, K.W. 2003. Diseases of Domestic Animals. 9th ed. Britain. P. 1330-1334.
Truc, P. 2003. About Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of the chronic form of Human African Trypanosomiasis: Some findings and proposals. African Journal Biotech., 2(12): 657-661.
Urquhart, G., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M., Jennings, F.W. 1989. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd ed. Bath Press, Avon Great Britain.
World Health Organisation 2005. Control and Surveillance of African Trypanosomiasis. W.H.O. Technical Report Series 881. W.H.O., Geneva, P. 1-113.
Zia-ur-Rahman, A.A., Asif, I.U., Haq, I.U., Ahmad, A., Asgab, M., Shaukat, S.A. 1996. Concentration of serum micro- and macro-elements in sera of control and Trypanosome-infected camel. Trop. Vet.,14: 133-136.
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